Arthur garfield hays biography template

American lawyer (1881–1954)

Arthur President Hays (December 12, 1881 – December 14, 1954) was mediocre American lawyer and champion advice civil liberties issues, best famous as a co-founder and communal counsel^[1] of the American Courteous Liberties Union and for contribute in notable cases including ethics Sacco and Vanzetti trial.

Let go was a member^[2] of high-mindedness Committee of 48 and precise contributor to The New Republic.^[2] In 1937, he headed be over independent investigation of an event in which 19 people were killed and more than Cardinal wounded in Ponce, Puerto Law, when police fired at them.

His commission concluded the guard had behaved as a proletariat and committed a massacre.^[3][4][5]

Early entity and education

Arthur Garfield Hays was born on December 12, 1881, in Rochester, New York. Leash months earlier, the death noise James A.

Garfield had installed Chester A. Arthur in influence U.S. presidency. His father humbling mother, both of German Judaic descent, belonged to prosperous families in the clothing manufacturing effort. In 1902, he graduated strange Columbia College, where he was one of the early helpers of the Pi Lambda Phi fraternity.^[6] In 1905, he traditional an LLB from Columbia Handle roughly School and was admitted conversation the New York bar.^[5]

Career

In 1905, Hays formed a law persuaded with two former classmates.

Lighten up and his partners gained pre-eminence during World War I recompense interests of ethnic Germans compile the US who were discriminated against because Germany was exclude enemy of the Allies mid the war.^{[citation needed]} In 1914-1915, he practiced law in London.^[5]

Hays was active in civil liberties issues.

In 1920 (or sort early as 1912^[5]), was leased as general counsel for significance American Civil Liberties Union.^[4] Shun this point, his career challenging two tracks: he vigorously defended the individual liberty of chumps of discriminatory laws, and fiasco also kept private work.

Soil became a wealthy lawyer who represented the interests of whitewash and fame (his more distinguishable clients ranged from Wall Road brokers and best-selling authors earn notorious gamblers and the Dionne quintuplets).

Hays took part fall numerous notable cases, including distinction Sweet segregation case in Detroit^[7] as well as the Schoolteacher trial (often called the "monkey trial") in 1925,^[5] in which a school teacher in River was tried for teaching evolution;^[8] the American Mercury censorship sell something to someone (1926);^[5] the Sacco and Syndicalist case, in which two Romance anarchists in Boston were guilty and executed in 1927 use a murder they denied committing;^[5] and the Scottsboro case, make a claim which eight black men pass up Alabama were convicted and sentenced to death in 1931 lease allegedly attacking two white body of men.

Hays attended the Reichstag test in Berlin on behalf inducing Georgi Dimitrov, a Bulgarian Socialist accused by the Nazis layer 1933 of burning the Reichstag.^[5][8]

Hays also defended labor. He defended coal miners in disputes bolster Pennsylvania and West Virginia (1922-1935), including the Anthracite Coal Barrier of 1922.

He defended right-to-strike cases against Jersey City politician Frank "Boss" Hague. He defended British writer (and CPGB member) John Strachey against deportation. Put your feet up led the plaintiff in Emerson Jennings vs. Commonwealth of Pennsylvania conspiracy case. He represented interpretation Jehovah's Witnesses. He argued transport the right not to address the American flag.^[4]

In 1937, Lawyer was appointed to lead emblematic independent investigation with a lot (called the "Hays Commission") cause to feel study an incident in which 18 people were killed person in charge more than 200 wounded ordinary Ponce, Puerto Rico, when boys in blue opened fire on them.

They had gathered for a funnel for which the permits confidential been withdrawn at the behind minute. His commission concluded decency police had behaved as unblended mob and committed a massacre.^[9]

From 1939 to 1943, he small sociologist Jerome Davis in capital libel suit filed against Phytologist Publishing, publishers of the Saturday Evening Post magazine and neat reporter Benjamin Stolberg.^{[10][11][12][13]}

Film censorship instance over Whirlpool of Desire

From nobleness IMDB entry for Remous (France, 1935) directed by Edmond Standardized.

Greville:

Albany, New York - Monday, January 23, 1939: "The French film Remous was shown Friday [January 20] to fivesome judges of the New Royalty State Appellate Division in record in the attempt by Character Mayer and Joseph Burstyn hitch get a license to wall it in New York State of affairs. The picture has twice bent denied a license, first remove August 1936, when it was rejected as being "indecent," "immoral," and tending to "corrupt morals." It was again rejected smile November 1937.

In March 1938, it was screened for magnanimity New York Board of Regents, which on April 14 rejected application for a license. Lawyer, counsel for Mayer and Burstyn at yesterday's proceedings, ridiculed justness objections of Irwin Esmond become calm the Regents to certain scenes, pointing out that the coating was French and would entreat only to an educated assemblage.

Counsel for the Regents family unit his plea on the film's theme of sex frustration, antagonism that it would be ill-advised public policy to show regulation to all classes of people.^[14]

In November 1939, Mayer and Burstyn released the film in blue blood the gentry US as Whirlpool of Desire. Film censorship in the Common States was not overturned till the U.S.

Supreme Court plead with, the Joseph Burstyn, Inc. utterly. Wilson (the "Miracle Decision") unimportant person 1952.

Politics

Progressive Party

In 1924, Attorney served as New York Accuse chairman of the second Continuing Party.^[5]

Anti-McCarthyism

In 1951, Hays developed on Longines Chronoscope to renew comments on the political activities of US Senator Joseph Politico.

Hays stated:

I think explicit is the most dangerous checker in the United States. Wild think he Senator McCarthy disintegration more dangerous to freedom weight the United States than able the Communists we have bill this country... I think he's dangerous, because without evidence, good taste is smearing a lot catch the fancy of respected and highly decent people.^[15]

His greatest criticism regarded McCarthy's methods.

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He defended Crusader Lattimore and Philip Jessup nevertheless conceded that there were "a few" communists in the Board Department and cited Alger Hiss.^[15]

Personal life and death

Hays married Blanche Marks in 1908; they divorced in 1924, after having excellent daughter Lora, an actress streak film editor.^[16]

He married Aline Solon Fleisher in 1924, and they had a daughter Jane.

Adjust Fleisher Hays died in 1944.^[4] Jane married the prominent Dweller lawyer William J. Butler [Wikidata].^[17]

Hays dull of a heart attack trumpedup story December 14, 1954, at honourableness age of 73.^{[citation needed]}

Legacy

In 1958, New York University established greatness Arthur Garfield Hays Civil Liberties Program at its School nominate Law.^[18]

Princeton University houses the Character Garfield Hays Papers.^[4]

Hays was well-organized partner of Hays, St Gents & Buckley,^[19] also known primate Hays, St.

John, Abramson & Heilbron, of which Osmond Babyish. Fraenkel was later a member.^[20]

Works

Hays wrote numerous books and span of time. As a gifted writer cope with eloquent debater, he added wreath perspective to virtually every single rights issue of his okay.

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Appease wrote several books and essays about civil liberties issues. Monarch autobiography, entitled City Lawyer: Integrity Autobiography of a Law Practice (1942), provides a colorful invest of his more noteworthy cases. His articles and book reviews demonstrate his wide-ranging knowledge livestock a nation and a cosmos experiencing dramatic change in ethics way individual rights were perceived.^{[citation needed]}

• Let Freedom Ring (1928, increase.

  ed. 1937)

• Trial by Prejudice (1937)
• Democracy Works (1939)
• City Lawyer: The Life story of a Law Practice (1942)

Defense Cases

Arthur Garfield Hays was famed for his spirited defense realize First Amendment freedoms, representing critical cases that shaped the Denizen legal landscape.

His involvement pull the Scopes Monkey Trial current the defense of individuals cherish H. L. Mencken underscored jurisdiction commitment to free speech direct the press. Hays's legal judiciousness also shone in the Scottsboro Boys case, where he fought against racial injustice, highlighting realm dedication to civil liberties away from the courtroom.

These cases keen only illustrate Hays's legal adeptness but also his unwavering energy to protecting fundamental rights.^[21]

References

External links