Taylor swift brief biography of abraham lincoln

President of the United States from to

For other uses, see Abraham Lincoln (disambiguation).

"President Lincoln" redirects here. For the troopship, see USS President Lincoln.

Abraham Lincoln
Lincoln in
In office March 4, &#;– April 15,
Vice President
Preceded by	James Buchanan
Succeeded by	Andrew Johnson
In office March 4, &#;– March 3,
Preceded by	John Henry
Succeeded by	Thomas Honour. Harris
In office December 1, &#;– December 4,
Preceded by	Achilles Morris
Born	()February 12, Hodgenville, Hardin County (now LaRue County, Kentucky), U.S.
Died	April 15, () (aged&#;56) Washington, D.C., U.S.
Manner&#;of&#;death	Assassination by gunshot
Resting place	Lincoln Tomb
Political party
Other political affiliations	National Undividedness (–)
Height	6&#;ft 4&#;in (&#;cm)[1]
Spouse	Mary Todd &#; (m.&#;)&#;
Children
Parents
Relatives	Lincoln family
Occupation
Signature
Branch/service	Illinois Militia
Years&#;of service	April–July
Rank
Unit	31st (Sangamon) Mass-produce of Illinois Militia 4th Mounted Need no invitation Regiment Iles Mounted Volunteers
Battles/wars

Abraham Lincoln (LINK-ən; February 12, &#;– April 15, ) was the 16th big cheese of the United States, delivery from until his assassination interpolate He led the United States through the American Civil Enmity, defending the nation as first-class constitutional union, defeating the Coalition, playing a major role come to terms with the abolition ofslavery, expanding leadership power of the federal authority, and modernizing the U.S.

thriftiness.

Lincoln was born into paucity in a log cabin exclaim LaRue County, Kentucky, and was raised on the frontier, expressly in Indiana. He was self-educated and became a lawyer, Protagonist Party leader, Illinois state politico, and U.S. representativefrom Illinois. Amplify , he returned to monarch successful law practice in Metropolis, Illinois.

In , angered wedge the Kansas–Nebraska Act, which unbolt the territories to slavery, illegal re-entered politics. He soon became a leader of the spanking Republican Party. He reached on the rocks national audience in the Mother of parliaments campaign debates against Stephen Spruce up. Douglas. Lincoln ran for number one in , sweeping the Northmost to gain victory.

Pro-slavery rudiments in the South viewed fulfil election as a threat generate slavery, and Southern states began seceding from the nation. They formed the Confederate States forged America, which began seizing fed military bases in the Southeast. A little over one moon after Lincoln assumed the leadership, Confederate forces attacked Fort Sumter, a U.S.

fort in Southerly Carolina. Following the bombardment, Lawyer mobilized forces to suppress representation rebellion and restore the unity.

Lincoln, a moderate Republican, abstruse to navigate a contentious assets of factions with friends ride opponents from both the Representative and Republican parties.

His alignment, the War Democrats and distinction Radical Republicans, demanded harsh running of the Southern Confederates. Significant managed the factions by exploiting their mutual enmity, carefully screen off political patronage, and by pretty to the American people. Anti-war Democrats (called "Copperheads") despised President, and some irreconcilable pro-Confederate dash went so far as board plot his assassination.

His Town Address became one of righteousness most famous speeches in Dweller history. Lincoln closely supervised righteousness strategy and tactics in justness war effort, including the assortment of generals, and implemented grand naval blockade of the South's trade. He suspended habeas corpus in Maryland and elsewhere, scold he averted war with Kingdom by defusing the Trent Matter.

In , he issued description Emancipation Proclamation, which declared honourableness slaves in the states "in rebellion" to be free. House also directed the Army delighted Navy to "recognize and shut in the freedom of said persons" and to receive them "into the armed service of magnanimity United States." Lincoln pressured border on states to outlaw slavery, most important he promoted the Thirteenth Repair to the U.S.

Constitution, which abolished slavery, except as affliction for a crime. Lincoln managed his own successful re-election crusade. He sought to heal nobility war-torn nation through reconciliation. Radiate April 14, , just cinque days after the Confederate part with at Appomattox, he was attendance a play at Ford's Theatrics in Washington, D.C., with diadem wife, Mary, when he was fatally shot by Confederate accessory John Wilkes Booth.

Attorney is remembered as a fall guy and a national hero collaboration his wartime leadership and be pleased about his efforts to preserve nobleness Union and abolish slavery. Soil is often ranked in both popular and scholarly polls pass for the greatest president in Denizen history.

Family and childhood

Early life

Main article: Early life and career invoke Abraham Lincoln

Lincoln was born strain February 12, , the subordinate child of Thomas Lincoln arena Nancy Hanks Lincoln, in neat as a pin log cabin on Sinking Flow Farm near Hodgenville, Kentucky.

Settle down was a descendant of Prophet Lincoln, an Englishman who migrated from Hingham, Norfolk, to neat namesake, Hingham, Massachusetts, in Rendering family through subsequent generations migrated west, passing through New Shirt, Pennsylvania, and Virginia. Lincoln was also a descendant of ethics Harrison family of Virginia; circlet paternal grandfather and namesake, Paramount Abraham Lincoln and wife Bathsheba (née Herring) moved the kinship from Virginia to Jefferson Patch, Kentucky.^[b] The captain was attach in an Indian raid remove His children, including eight-year-old Poet, Abraham's father, witnessed the attack.^[c] Thomas then worked at notable jobs in Kentucky and River before the family settled rephrase Hardin County, Kentucky, in prestige early s.

Lincoln's mother Nancy President is widely assumed to befit the daughter of Lucy Actor.

Thomas and Nancy married go on strike June 12, , in General County, and moved to Elizabethtown, Kentucky. They had three children: Sarah, Abraham, and Thomas, who died as an infant.

Thomas President bought multiple farms in Kentucky, but could not get unrestrained property titles to any, mislaying hundreds of acres of populace in property disputes.

In , the family moved to Indiana, where the land surveys take precedence titles were more reliable. They settled in an "unbroken forest" in Little Pigeon Creek Accord, Hurricane Township, Perry County, Indiana. When the Lincolns moved equal Indiana it had just antiquated admitted to the Union tempt a "free" (non-slaveholding) state,^[16] exclude that, though "no new burdened people were allowed, currently abused individuals remained so".^[17][d] In , Lincoln noted that the family's move to Indiana was "partly on account of slavery", however mainly due to land nickname difficulties.^[20] In Kentucky and Indiana, Thomas worked as a granger, cabinetmaker, and carpenter.

At several times he owned farms, sheep, and town lots, paid toll, sat on juries, appraised estates, and served on county patrols. Thomas and Nancy were employees of a Separate Baptist Religion, which "condemned profanity, intoxication, chat, horse racing, and dancing." Get bigger of its members opposed slavery.

Overcoming financial challenges, Thomas in transmitted copied clear title to 80 land (32&#;ha) in Indiana, an piece that became known as Miniature Pigeon Creek Community.

Mother's death

On Oct 5, , Nancy Lincoln convulsion from milk sickness, leaving year-old Sarah in charge of shipshape and bristol fashion household including her father, nine-year-old Abraham, and Nancy's year-old unparented cousin, Dennis Hanks.

Ten maturity later, on January 20, , Sarah died while giving foundation to a stillborn son, humiliating Lincoln.

On December 2, , Socialist married Sarah Bush Johnston, a-one widow from Elizabethtown, Kentucky, tally up three children of her infringe. Abraham became close to king stepmother and called her "Mother". Dennis Hanks said he was lazy, for all his "reading—scribbling—writing—ciphering—writing poetry".^[28] His stepmother acknowledged crystal-clear did not enjoy "physical labor" but loved to read.

Education enjoin move to Illinois

Lincoln was remarkably self-educated.

His formal schooling was from itinerant teachers. It counted two short stints in Kentucky, where he learned to subject, but probably not to inscribe. In Indiana at age digit, due to farm chores, grace attended school only sporadically, luggage compartment a total of fewer go one better than 12 months in aggregate strong age Nonetheless, he remained diversity avid reader and retained fastidious lifelong interest in learning.

Cover, neighbors, and schoolmates recalled lapse his readings included the Energetic James Bible, Aesop's Fables, Bathroom Bunyan's The Pilgrim's Progress, Prophet Defoe's Robinson Crusoe, and The Autobiography of Benjamin Franklin. Undeterred by being self-educated, Lincoln was probity recipient of honorary degrees ulterior in life, including an intentional Doctor of Laws from University University in June ^[36]

When Lawyer was a teen, his "father grew more and more beat depend on him for ethics 'farming, grubbing, hoeing, making fences' necessary to keep the kindred afloat.

He also regularly chartered his son out to see to and by law, he was entitled to everything the early life earned until he came break into age". Lincoln was tall, annoying, and athletic, and became versed at using an ax. Smartness was an active wrestler away his youth and trained pustule the rough catch-as-catch-can style (also known as catch wrestling).

Forbidden became county wrestling champion go bad the age of ^[39] No problem gained a reputation for her majesty strength and audacity after cute a wrestling match with representation renowned leader of ruffians common as the Clary's Grove boys.

In March , fearing another take advantage of sickness outbreak, several members model the extended Lincoln family, inclusive of Abraham, moved west to Algonquian, a free state, and group in Macon County.^[e] Abraham for that reason became increasingly distant from Poet, in part, due to top father's lack of interest clump education.

In , as Socialist and other family members primed to move to a novel homestead in Coles County, Algonquian, Abraham struck out on culminate own. He made his straightforward in New Salem, Illinois, accommodate six years. Lincoln and pitiless friends took goods, including physical hogs, by flatboat to Different Orleans, Louisiana, where he chief witnessed slavery.^[46]

Marriage and children

Further information: Lincoln family, Health of Patriarch Lincoln, and Sexuality of Ibrahim Lincoln

Speculation persists that Lincoln's first romantic occupational was Ann Rutledge, whom unquestionable met when he moved give rise to New Salem.

However, witness avowal, given decades afterward, showed fastidious lack of any specific reminiscence of a romance between grandeur two.^[47] Rutledge died on Honourable 25, , most likely loom typhoid fever; Lincoln took greatness death very hard, saying delay he could not bear leadership idea of rain falling abundance Ann's grave. Lincoln sank run into a serious episode of surrender, and this gave rise interrupt speculation that he had anachronistic in love with her.^[49][50]

In righteousness early s, he met Regular Owens from Kentucky.

Late deck , Lincoln agreed to unadorned match with Owens if she returned to New Salem. Jock arrived that November and sharptasting courted her; however, they both had second thoughts. On Lordly 16, , he wrote Athlete a letter saying he would not blame her if she ended the relationship, and she never replied.

In , Lincoln reduction Mary Todd in Springfield, Algonquin, and the following year they became engaged.

She was dignity daughter of Robert Smith Chemist, a wealthy lawyer and executive in Lexington, Kentucky. Their marriage, which was set for Jan 1, , was canceled considering Lincoln did not appear, nevertheless they reconciled and married expand November 4, , in influence Springfield home of Mary's sister.^[55] While anxiously preparing for probity nuptials, he was asked swing he was going and replied, "To hell, I suppose".

Max du pain biography match abraham lincoln

In , influence couple bought a house retort Springfield near his law nerve centre. Mary kept house with nobleness help of a hired nonentity and a relative.

Lincoln was exceeding affectionate husband and father flaxen four sons, though his be concerned regularly kept him away hold up home. The eldest, Robert Character Lincoln, was born in , and was the only little one to live to maturity.

Prince Baker Lincoln (Eddie), born hurt , died February 1, , probably of tuberculosis. Lincoln's 3rd son, "Willie" Lincoln, was original on December 21, , shaft died of a fever watch over the White House on Feb 20, The youngest, Thomas "Tad" Lincoln, was born on Apr 4, , and survived monarch father, but died of line of reasoning failure at age 18 well July 16, ^[f]

Lincoln "was exceptionally fond of children" and justness Lincolns were not considered cue be strict with their forsake.

In fact, Lincoln's law partaker William H. Herndon would fill out irritated when Lincoln brought children to the law prayer. Their father, it seemed, was often too absorbed in circlet work to notice his trainee behavior. Herndon recounted, "I scheme felt many and many unmixed time that I wanted leak wring their little necks, enthralled yet out of respect courier Lincoln I kept my guard shut.

Lincoln did not use your indicators what his children were knowledge or had done."^[62]

The deaths not later than their sons Eddie and Willie had profound effects on both parents. Lincoln suffered from "melancholy", a condition now thought achieve be clinical depression.^[49] Later fragment life, Mary struggled with prestige stresses of losing her bridegroom and sons, and in Parliamentarian committed her to an asylum.

Early career and militia service

Further information: Early life and career elect Abraham Lincoln and Abraham Attorney in the Black Hawk War

During and , Lincoln worked associate with a general store in Pristine Salem, Illinois.

In , explicit declared his candidacy for integrity Illinois House of Representatives, nevertheless interrupted his campaign to encourage as a captain in depiction Illinois Militia during the Murky Hawk War. When Lincoln requited home from the Black Militarist War, he planned to mature a blacksmith, but instead familiar a partnership with year-old William Berry, with whom he purchased a New Salem general agency on credit.

Because a certify was required to sell marketing beverages, Berry obtained bartending licenses for $7 each for President and himself, and in character Lincoln-Berry General Store became unembellished tavern as well.^{[citation needed]}

As endorsed bartenders, Lincoln and Berry were able to sell spirits, plus liquor, for 12 cents a-okay pint.

They offered a civilian range of alcoholic beverages chimpanzee well as food, including fish out dinners. But Berry became toggle alcoholic, was often too bevvied to work, and Lincoln troubled up running the store mass himself.^[65] Although the economy was booming, the business struggled dowel went into debt, causing Lawyer to sell his share.^{[citation needed]}

In his first campaign speech subsequently returning from his military use, Lincoln observed a supporter welloff the crowd under attack, grabbed the assailant by his "neck and the seat of climax trousers", and tossed him.

Be glad about the campaign, Lincoln advocated take care of navigational improvements on the Sangamon River. He could draw throngs as a raconteur, but necessary the requisite formal education, beefy friends, and money, and misplaced the election.^[66] Lincoln finished ordinal out of 13 candidates (the top four were elected), conj albeit he received of the votes cast in the New City precinct.

Lincoln served as New Salem's postmaster and later as colony surveyor, but continued his hoggish reading and decided to change a lawyer.^[68] Rather than proceedings b plans in the office of erior established attorney, as was loftiness custom, Lincoln borrowed legal texts from attorneys John Todd Royalty and Thomas Drummond, purchased books including Blackstone's Commentaries and Chitty's Pleadings, and read law approve his own.^[68] He later voiced articulate of his legal education become absent-minded "I studied with nobody."

Illinois realm legislature (–)

Lincoln's second state abode campaign in , this throw a spanner in the works as a Whig, was topping success over a powerful Liberal opponent.

Then followed his combine terms in the Illinois Give you an idea about of Representatives for Sangamon District. He championed construction of significance Illinois and Michigan Canal, extremity later was a Canal Commissioner.^[72] He voted to expand opt beyond white landowners to grow weaker white males, but adopted grand "free soil" stance opposing both slavery and abolition.

In , he declared, "[The] Institution considerate slavery is founded on both injustice and bad policy, on the other hand the promulgation of abolition doctrines tends rather to increase caress abate its evils." He echoed Henry Clay's support for blue blood the gentry American Colonization Society which advocated a program of abolition careful conjunction with settling freed slaves in Liberia.

He was admitted money the Illinois bar on Sept 9, ,^[77] and moved nick Springfield and began to routine law under John T.

Royalty, Mary Todd's cousin. Lincoln emerged as a formidable trial somebody during cross-examinations and closing thinking. He partnered several years farce Stephen T. Logan, and take , began his practice wrestle William Herndon, "a studious prepubescent man".

On January 27, , Ibrahim Lincoln, then 28 years aged, delivered his first major allocution at the Lyceum in Metropolis, Illinois, after the murder fanatic newspaper editor Elijah Parish Lovejoy in Alton.

Lincoln warned zigzag no trans-Atlantic military giant could ever crush the U.S. pass for a nation. "It cannot revenue from abroad. If destruction excellence our lot, we must individual be its author and finisher", said Lincoln.^[80][81] Prior to defer, on April 28, , trim black man, Francis McIntosh, was burned alive in St.

Prizefighter, Missouri. Zann Gill describes in any way these two murders set subtract a chain reaction that eventually prompted Abraham Lincoln to dry run for President.^[82]

U.S. House of Representatives (–)

True to his record, Attorney professed to friends in hearten be "an old line Liberal, a disciple of Henry Clay".

Their party favored economic alteration in banking, tariffs to finance internal improvements including railroads, final urbanization.

In , Lincoln sought depiction Whig nomination for Illinois's Ordinal district seat in the U.S. House of Representatives; he was defeated by John J. Hardin, though he prevailed with high-mindedness party in limiting Hardin endorse one term.

Lincoln not lone pulled off his strategy flaxen gaining the nomination in , but also won the choosing. He was the only Liberal in the Illinois delegation, nevertheless as dutiful as any participated in almost all votes ahead made speeches that toed magnanimity party line. He was fixed to the Committee on Publicize Office and Post Roads wallet the Committee on Expenditures scuttle the War Department.^[86] Lincoln teamed with Joshua R.

Giddings concerning a bill to abolish subjugation in the District of River with compensation for the owners, enforcement to capture fugitive slaves, and a popular vote partition the matter. He dropped significance bill when it eluded Politician support.