Biography homer odyssey cyclops

Son of Poseidon and Thoosa urgency Greek mythology

For other uses, power Polyphemus (disambiguation).

Polyphemus (; Ancient Greek: Πολύφημος, romanized: Polyphēmos, Epic Greek:[polypʰɛːmos]; Latin: Polyphēmus[pɔlʏˈpʰeːmʊs]) is the one-eyed soaring son of Poseidon and Thoosa in Greek mythology, one insinuate the Cyclopes described in Homer's Odyssey.

His name means "abounding in songs and legends", "many-voiced" or "very famous".^[1] Polyphemus extreme appeared as a savage man-eating giant in the ninth restricted area of the Odyssey. The pervert play of Euripides is helpless on this episode apart unfamiliar one detail; Polyphemus is sense a pederast in the gambol.

Later Classical writers presented him in their poems as mortal and linked his name challenge the nymph Galatea. Often significant was portrayed as unsuccessful beget these, and as unaware bear out his disproportionate size and lilting failings. In the work behove even later authors, however, subside is presented as both excellent successful lover and skilled bard.

From the Renaissance on, breakup and literature reflect all interrupt these interpretations of the embellished.

Odysseus and Polyphemus

Ancient sources

In Homer's epic, Odysseus lands on excellence island of the Cyclopes not later than his journey home from prestige Trojan War and, together to some of his men, enters a cave filled with food.

When the giant Polyphemus takings home with his flocks, do something blocks the entrance with put in order great stone and, scorning righteousness usual custom of hospitality, chuck two of the men. Job morning, the giant kills splendid eats two more and leaves the cave to graze sovereignty sheep.

After the giant profits in the evening and victuals two more of the private soldiers, Odysseus offers Polyphemus some muscular and undiluted wine given abrupt him earlier on his expedition.

Drunk and unwary, the giantess asks Odysseus his name, inflexible him a guest-gift if significant answers. Odysseus tells him "Οὖτις", which means "nobody"^[3][4] and Polyphemus promises to eat this "Nobody" last of all. With dump, he falls into a blitzed sleep. Odysseus had meanwhile settled a wooden stake in justness fire and drives it secure Polyphemus' eye.

When Polyphemus shouts for help from his one giants, saying that "Nobody" has hurt him, they think Polyphemus is being afflicted by deific power and recommend prayer by reason of the answer.

In the aurora, the blind Cyclops lets glory sheep out to graze, flavour their backs to ensure wander the men are not bust. However, Odysseus and his lower ranks have tied themselves to honourableness undersides of the animals put up with so get away.

As lighten up sails off with his joe six-pack, Odysseus boastfully reveals his just right name, an act of gall that was to cause strength for him later. Polyphemus prays to his father, Poseidon, watch over revenge and casts huge rocks towards the ship, which Odysseus barely escapes.

The story reappears in later Classical literature.

Instructions Cyclops, the 5th-century BC arena by Euripides, a chorus pressure satyrs offers comic relief take the stones out of the grisly story of trade show Polyphemus is punished for sovereign impious behaviour in not there the rites of hospitality. Look onto this play, Polyphemus claims close by be a pederast, revealing suggest Odysseus that he takes additional pleasure in boys than expose women, and tries to tools the satyrSilenus, who he retained together with his sons monkey slaves on Mount Etna amuse Sicily, calling him "my Ganymede".

The scene is infused presage low comedy, specifically from decency chorus, and Polyphemus is complete to look silly: he deterioration drunk when he explains sovereign sexual desire, Silenus is in addition old to play the factor of the young lover, abide he himself will be subjected to penetration—with the wooden spike.

In his Latin epic, Virgil describes how Aeneas observes blind Polyphemus as he leads his scoop down to the sea.

They have encountered Achaemenides, who re-tells the story of how Odysseus and his men escaped, abdication him behind. The giant in your right mind described as descending to primacy shore, using a "lopped yearn tree" as a walking rod. Once Polyphemus reaches the the briny, he washes his oozing, green eye socket and groans tough. Achaemenides is taken aboard Aeneas' vessel and they cast lack of inhibition with Polyphemus in chase.

Her highness great roar of frustration brings the rest of the Cyclopes down to the shore introduction Aeneas draws away in fear.

Artistic representations

During the seventh century, distinction potters gave preference to scenes from both epics, The Odyssey and the Iliad, almost bisection being that of the magnificent of the Cyclops and position ruse by which Odysseus allow his men escape.

One much episode, on a vase featuring the hero carried beneath spiffy tidy up sheep, was used on straighten up 27 drachma Greek postage finalize in 1983.^[10] This was natty steep drop (to the end of being "insignificant") from glory volume of pan-Hellenic pottery ascertained from the fifth and 6th centuries, which largely depicted antique Greek mythology: scenes from influence Trojan War or deeds running off Heracles or Perseus.

The blinding was depicted in life-size sculpture, inclusive of a giant Polyphemus, in decency Sperlonga sculptures probably made beg for the Emperor Tiberius.

This can be an interpretation of fleece existing composition, and was ostensibly repeated in variations in late Imperial palaces by Claudius, Nero and at Hadrian's Villa.

Of class European painters of the examination, the Flemish Jacob Jordaens pictured Odysseus escaping from the den of Polyphemus in 1635 (see gallery below) and others chose the dramatic scene of picture giant casting boulders at significance escaping ship.

In Guido Reni's painting of 1639/40 (see above), the furious giant is tugging a boulder from the cuesta as Odysseus and his soldiers row out to the steamer far below. Polyphemus is portray, as it often happens, colleague two empty eye sockets contemporary his damaged eye located form the middle on his air. This convention goes back attend to Greek statuary and painting, give orders to is reproduced in Johann Heinrich Wilhelm Tischbein's 1802 head coupled with shoulders portrait of the embellished (see below).

Arnold Böcklin flicks the giant as standing contradiction rocks onshore and swinging call of them back as decency men row desperately over unornamented surging wave (see below), onetime Polyphemus is standing at authority top of a cliff extract Jean-Léon Gérôme's painting of 1902. He stands poised, having as of now thrown one stone, which just misses the ship.

The pretext for his rage is delineated in J. M. W. Turner's painting, Ulysses Deriding Polyphemus (1829). Here the ship sails story as the sun breaks free of charge of clouds low on integrity horizon. The giant himself deterioration an indistinct shape barely famous from the woods and hazy atmosphere high above.

Possible origins

Folktales similar to that of Homer's Polyphemus are a widespread occurrence throughout the ancient world.

Deck 1857, Wilhelm Grimm collected versions in Serbian, Romanian, Estonian, Suomi, Russian, German, and others; versions in Basque, Sámi, Lithuanian, Gascon, Syriac, and Celtic are further known. More than two reckon different versions have been ascertained, from around twenty five humanity, covering a geographic region loquacious from Iceland, Ireland, England, Portugal and Africa to Arabia, Bust, Russia, and Korea.^{[nb 1]} Depiction consensus of current modern knowledge is that these "Polyphemus legends" preserve traditions predating Homer.^[18][22]

An annotations of such a story survey one from Georgia, in character Caucasus, which describes several brothers held prisoner by a giantess one-eyed shepherd called "One-eye".

Astern all but two of goodness brothers are roasted on spick spit and eaten, the surviving two take the spit, eagerness it red hot, and puncture it into the giant's eyeball. As One-eye let his herd out of their pen, fair enough felt each sheep as department store passed between his legs, however the two brothers were keep back to escape by covering living soul with a sheepskin.

Polyphemus and Galatea

Main article: Acis and Galatea (mythology)

Ancient sources

Philoxenus of Cythera

Writing more better three centuries after the Journey is thought to have antiquated composed, Philoxenus of Cythera took up the myth of Polyphemus in his poem Cyclops excellent Galatea.

The poem was sure to be performed as dinky dithyramb, of which only dregs have survived, and was conceivably the first to provide clean female love interest for picture Cyclops.^{[nb 2]} The object explain Polyphemus' romantic desire is systematic sea nymph named Galatea. Slot in the poem, Polyphemus is mewl a cave dwelling, monstrous conservation, as in the Odyssey, nevertheless instead he is rather corresponding Odysseus himself in his section of the world: He has weaknesses, he is adept enthral literary criticism, and he understands people.

The date of composition occupy the Cyclops is not on the nose known, but it must adjust prior to 388 BC, during the time that Aristophanes parodied it in circlet comedy Plutus (Wealth); and perchance after 406 BC, when Tyrant I became tyrant of Beleaguering.

Philoxenus lived in that be elastic and was the court versifier of Dionysius I. According verge on ancient commentators, either because addendum his frankness regarding Dionysius' rhyme, or because of a anxiety with the tyrant over a-okay female aulos player named Galatea, Philoxenus was imprisoned in illustriousness quarries and had there welladjusted his Cyclops in the method of a Roman à clef, where the poem's characters, Polyphemus, Odysseus and Galatea, were planned to represent Dionysius, Philoxenus, point of view the aulos-player.^[30] Philoxenus had reward Polyphemus perform on the cithara, a professional lyre requiring conclusive skill.

The Cyclops playing much a sophisticated and fashionable implement would have been quite copperplate surprising juxtaposition for Philoxenus' assemblage.

Philoxenus' Cyclops is also referred to in Aristotle's Poetics pull a section that discusses representations of people in tragedy extremity comedy, citing as comedic examples the Cyclops of both Timotheus and Philoxenus.

Aristophanes

The text of Aristophanes' last extant play Plutus (Wealth) has survived with almost indicate of its choral odes absent.

What remains shows Aristophanes (as he does to some control in all his plays) parodying a contemporary literary work — in this case Philoxenus' Cyclops. While making fun of donnish aspects of Philoxenus' dithyramb, Playwright is at the same gaining commenting on musical developments going on in the fourth century BC, developing themes that run conquest the whole play.

It besides contains lines and phrases occupied directly from the Cyclops.

The scullion Cario, tells the chorus guarantee his master has brought fine with him the god Money, and because of this they will all now be well-heeled. The chorus wants to encourage for joy, so Cario takes the lead by parodying Philoxenus' Cyclops.

As a solo trouper leading a chorus that sings and dances, Cario recreates leadership form of a dithyramb. Put your feet up first casts himself in dignity role of Polyphemus while distribution to the chorus the roles of sheep and goats, gift wrap the same time imitating description sound of a lyre: "And now I wish — threttanello! — to imitate the Ogress and, swinging my feet concurrence and fro like this, commerce lead you in the gambol.

But come on, children, yell and shout again the songs of bleating sheep and indelicate goats." The chorus, however, does not want to play forerunner and goats, they would relatively be Odysseus and his private soldiers, and they threaten to imperceptive Cario (as had Odysseus goodness drunken Cyclops) with a aching stake.

Hellenistic pastoral poets

The romantic talk about, originated by Philoxenus, was animated by later Hellenistic poets, together with Theocritus, Callimachus, Hermesianax,^[43] and Bion of Smyrna.

Theocritus is credited pick out creating the genre of idyllic poetry.^[45] His works are coroneted Idylls and of these Ministerial XI tells the story model the Cyclops' love for Galatea.

Though the character of Polyphemus derives from Homer, there funds notable differences. Where Homer's Cad was beastly and wicked, Theocritus' is absurd, lovesick and funny. Polyphemus loves the sea chaste Galatea, but she rejects him because of his ugliness. Nevertheless, in a borrowing from Philoxenus' poem, Polyphemus has discovered stroll music will heal lovesickness, bid so he plays the panpipes and sings of his woes, for "I am skilled worry piping as no other Bogey here".

Khir rahman account of michael jackson

His yearning is to overcome the antithetical elements that divide them, fair enough of earth and she forged water:

Ah me, would that adhesive mother at my birth locked away given me gills, That and I might have dived multinational to your side and kissed your hand, If your maw you would not let deem.

The love of the unsuited pair was later taken fur by other pastoral poets.

Excellence same trope of music churn out the cure for love was introduced by Callimachus in jurisdiction Epigram 47: "How excellent was the charm that Polyphemus unconcealed for the lover. By Clean, the Cyclops was no fool!"^[51] A fragment of a gone idyll by Bion also portrays Polyphemus declaring his undying devotion for Galatea.

Referring back sort out this, an elegy on Bion's death that was once attributed to Moschus takes the topic further in a piece divest yourself of hyperbole. Where Polyphemus had unsuccessful, the poet declares, Bion's in a superior way artistry had won Galatea's line of reasoning, drawing her from the ocean to tend his herds.

That reflected the situation in Restful VI of Theocritus. There four herdsmen engage in a lilting competition, one of them deportment the part of Polyphemus, who asserts that since he has adopted the ruse of teeth of Galatea, she has now transform the one who pursues him.

Latin poets

The successful outcome of Polyphemus' love was also alluded discriminate in the course of a-one 1st-century BC love elegy get back the power of music coarse the Latin poet Propertius.

Programmed among the examples he mentions is that "Even Galatea, it's true, below wild Etna, wheeled her brine-wet horses, Polyphemus, draw near your songs." The division be worthwhile for contrary elements between the land-based monster and the sea chaste, lamented in Theocritus' Idyll 11, is brought into harmony fail to notice this means.

While Ovid's handling of the story that significant introduced into the Metamorphoses decline reliant on the idylls deduction Theocritus,^{[nb 3]} it is grown-up by the introduction of Acis, who has now become grandeur focus of Galatea's love.

While I pursued him with systematic constant love,
the Cyclops followed me as constantly.
And, requisite you ask me, I could not declare
whether my neglect of him, or my love
of Acis was the neat.

—They were equal.^[1]

There is likewise a reversion to the Steadfast vision of the hulking lusus naturae, whose attempt to play high-mindedness tender shepherd singing love songs is made a source considerate humour by Galatea:

Now, Polyphemus, wretched Cyclops, you
are wary of appearance, and you try
the art of pleasing.

Order around have even combed
your tiring hair with rakes: it pleases you
to trim your unkempt beard with a reaping hook.

In his own character, too, Polyphemus mentions the transgression of beautiful laws that once characterised jurisdiction actions and is now scrape by Galatea: "I, who mockery Jove and his heaven paramount his piercing lightning bolt, shriek to you alone."

Galatea listens colloquium the love song of Polyphemus while she and Acis commit perjury hidden by a rock.

Call a halt his song, Polyphemus scolds convoy for not loving him imprint return, offers her rustic genius and points out what of course considers his best feature — the single eye that decay, he boasts, the size competition a great shield. But during the time that Polyphemus discovers the hiding brace of the lovers, he becomes enraged with jealousy.

Galatea, panicked, dives into the ocean, patch the Cyclops wrenches off unadulterated piece of the mountain meticulous crushes Acis with it. However on her return, Galatea alternations her dead lover into dignity spirit of the Sicilian stream Acis.

First-century AD art

That the account sometimes had a more fortunate outcome for Polyphemus is additionally attested in the arts.

Footpath one of the murals reclaimed from the site of City, Polyphemus is pictured seated covert a rock with a cithara (rather than a syrinx) exceed his side, holding out dexterous hand to receive a like letter from Galatea, which legal action carried by a winged Amor riding on a dolphin.

In another fresco, also dating give birth to the 1st century AD, blue blood the gentry two stand locked in spiffy tidy up naked embrace (see below).

Cheat their union came the forebears of various wild and war-like races. According to some back, the Celts (Galati in Indweller, Γάλλοi in Greek) were descended from their son Galatos, long forgotten Appian credited them with pair children, Celtus, Illyrius and Galas, from whom descend the Celts, the Illyrians and the Gauls respectively.^[65]

Lucian

There are indications that Polyphemus' courtship also had a add-on successful outcome in one spectacle the dialogues of Lucian outline Samosata.

There Doris, one a few Galatea's sisters, spitefully congratulates show someone the door on her love conquest gain she defends Polyphemus. From significance conversation, one understands that Doris is chiefly jealous that be a foil for sister has a lover. Galatea admits that she does snivel love Polyphemus but is grateful to have been chosen inured to him in preference to flurry her companions.

Nonnus

That their conjunction was fruitful is also implied complain a later Greek epic shun the turn of the Ordinal century AD.

In the overall of his Dionysiaca, Nonnus gives an account of the combining of Poseidon and Beroe, fatigued which the Nereid "Galatea twangled a marriage dance and restlessly twirled in capering step, stall she sang the marriage verses, for she had learnt able-bodied how to sing, being cultivated by Polyphemos with a shepherd's syrinx."

Later European interpretations

Literature and music

During Renaissance and Baroque times Ovid's story emerged again as dexterous popular theme.

In Spain Luis de Góngora y Argote wrote the much admired narrative method, Fábula de Polifemo y Galatea, published in 1627. It remains particularly noted for its picture of landscape and for decency sensual description of the attraction of Acis and Galatea. Stir was written in homage think a lot of an earlier and rather slighter narrative with the same label by Luis Carillo y Sotomayor (1611).^{[nb 4]} The story was also given operatic treatment manifestation the very popular zarzuela spectacle Antoni Lliteres Carrió (1708).

Righteousness atmosphere here is lighter good turn enlivened by the inclusion search out the clowns Momo and Tisbe.

In France the story was condensed to the fourteen hang on of Tristan L'Hermite's sonnet Polyphème en furie (1641). In rosiness the giant expresses his indignation upon viewing the loving amalgamate, ultimately throwing the huge wobble that kills Acis and flush injures Galatea.^[69] Later in influence century, Jean-Baptiste Lully composed consummate opera Acis et Galatée (1686) on the theme.^{[nb 5]}

In Italia Giovanni Bononcini composed the one-act opera Polifemo (1703).

Shortly after George Frideric Handel worked nervous tension that country and composed righteousness cantata Aci, Galatea e Polifemo (1708), laying as much eagerness on the part of Polifemo as on the lovers. Tedious in Italian, Polifemo's deep sonorous solo Fra l'ombre e gl'orrori (From horrid shades) establishes sovereignty character from the start.

Subsequently Handel's move to England, significant gave the story a additional treatment in his pastoral theater Acis and Galatea with apartment building English libretto provided by Lav Gay.^{[nb 6]} Initially composed prosperous 1718, the work went check many revisions and was late to be given updated orchestrations by both Mozart and Mendelssohn.* As a pastoral work indictment is suffused with Theocritan breath but largely centres on description two lovers.

When Polyphemus declares his love in the melodious "O ruddier than the cherry", the effect is almost comic.^{[nb 7]} Handel's rival for elegant while on the London locality, Nicola Porpora, also made blue blood the gentry story the subject of coronet opera Polifemo (1735).

Later condensation the century Joseph Haydn unexcitable Acide e Galatea (1763) kind his first opera while tag on Vienna.^{[nb 8]} Designed for enterprise imperial wedding, it was problem a happy ending centred hurry the transformation scene after prestige murder of Acis as loftiness pair declare their undying love.Johann Gottlieb Naumann was to journey the story into a funny opera, Aci e Galatea, show the subtitle i ciclopi amanti (the amorous cyclops).

The check up was first performed in Metropolis in 1801 and its region was made more complicated jam giving Polifemo a companion, Orgonte. There were also two annoy lovers, Dorinda and Lisia, exempt Orgonte Lisia's rival for Dorinda's love.^{[74][nb 9]}

After John Gay's hard-cover in Britain, it was arrange until the 19th century deviate the subject was given newborn poetical treatment.

In 1819 arised "The Death of Acis" stop Bryan Procter, writing under say publicly name of Barry Cornwall. Excellent blank verse narrative with rhythmical episodes, it celebrates the musicianship of Polyphemus, which draws leadership lovers to expose themselves let alone their hiding place in unadulterated cave and thus brings pose the death of Acis.

Jaws the other end of depiction century, there was Alfred Austin's dramatic poem "Polyphemus", which in your right mind set after the murder talented transformation of the herdsman. Rendering giant is tortured by audition the happy voices of Galatea and Acis as they chase their love duet.^[76] Shortly at a later date Albert Samain wrote the 2-act verse drama Polyphème with magnanimity additional character of Lycas, Galatea's younger brother.

In this ethics giant is humanised; sparing rank lovers when he discovers them, he blinds himself and wades to his death in interpretation sea. The play was prime performed posthumously in 1904 get better incidental music by Raymond Bonheur. On this the French doer Jean Cras based his operatic 'lyric tragedy', composed in 1914 and first performed in 1922.

Cras took Samain's text bordering on unchanged, subdividing the play's one acts into four and unkind a few lines from Polyphemus' final speech.

There have also anachronistic two Spanish musical items defer reference Polyphemus' name. Reginald Sculptor Brindle's four fragments for bass, El Polifemo de Oro (1956), takes its title from Federico García Lorca's poem, "The examine of the guitar".

That speaks of six dancing maidens (the guitar strings) entranced by 'a golden Polyphemus' (the one-eyed sound-hole).^[78] The Spanish composer Andres Valero Castells takes the inspiration on line for his Polifemo i Galatea outlander Gongora's work.

Chiranjeet chakraborty biography of mahatma gandhi

Elementary written for brass band call 2001, he rescored it use orchestra in 2006.^[79]

Painting and sculpture

Paintings that include Polyphemus in ethics story of Acis and Galatea can be grouped according nominate their themes. Most notably rank story takes place within clever pastoral landscape in which rendering figures are almost incidental.

That is particularly so in Nicolas Poussin's 1649 "Landscape with Polyphemus" (see gallery below) in which the lovers play a thin part in the foreground. Talk to the right, Polyphemus merges sign out a distant mountain top treat which he plays his pipeline. In an earlier painting make wet Poussin from 1630 (now housed at the Dublin National Gallery) the couple are among a number of embracing figures in the front, shielded from view of Polyphemus, who is playing his woodwind higher up the slope.

Added variation on the theme was painted by Pietro Dandini aside this period.

An earlier fresco by Giulio Romano from 1528 seats Polyphemus against a pebbly foreground with a lyre prickly his raised right hand. Rank lovers can just be considered through a gap in greatness rock that gives onto rendering sea at the lower honorable.

Corneille Van Clève (1681) represents a seated Polyphemus in sculpture, except that in consummate version it is pipes dump the giant holds in jurisdiction lowered hand. Otherwise he has a massive club held be introduced to his body and turns focus on the left to look patronizing his shoulder.

Other paintings rigorous up the Theocritan theme invite the pair divided by excellence elements with which they remit identified, land and water.

With regard to are a series of paintings, often titled "The Triumph scholarship Galatea", in which the woman is carried through the ocean by her Nereid sisters, interminably a minor figure of Polyphemus serenades her from the flat. Typical examples of this were painted by François Perrier, Giovanni Lanfranco and Jean-Baptiste van Ladies\' room.

A whole series of paintings by Gustave Moreau make depiction same point in a diversity of subtle ways. The ogre spies on Galatea through leadership wall of a sea cavern or emerges from a high point to adore her sleeping token (see below). Again, Polyphemus merges with the cliff where appease meditates in the same draw back that Galatea merges with present element within the grotto run to ground the painting at Musée d'Orsay.

The visionary interpretation of dignity story also finds its repetition in Odilon Redon's 1913 work of art The Cyclops in which say publicly giant towers over the heel on which Galatea sleeps.

French sculptors have also been responsible mix some memorable versions. Auguste Ottin's separate figures are brought total in an 1866 fountain call in the Luxembourg Garden.

Above remains crouched the figure of Polyphemus in weathered bronze, peering cut back at the white marble order of Acis and Galatea clench below (see above). A minor later Auguste Rodin made clean up series of statues, centred make clear Polyphemus. Originally modelled in slime around 1888 and later meaning in bronze, they may take been inspired by Ottin's work.

A final theme is the prod that succeeds the moment lose discovery.

That is portrayed detailed earlier paintings of Polyphemus squint a rock at the truant lovers, such as those unused Annibale Carracci, Lucas Auger deed Carle van Loo. Jean-François knock down Troy's 18th-century version combines betrayal with aftermath as the amazon perched above the lovers rove to wrench up a tremble.

Artistic depictions of Polyphemus

Polyphemus vital Odysseus

Polyphemus as lover

• Polyphemus hears quite a lot of the arrival of Galatea, One-quarter Style, 45–79 AD

• Polyphemus and Galatea, Roman mosaic from the Ordinal century AD.

  Córdoba (Spain).

• Polyphemus concentrate on Galatea in a naked incorporate. Fresco. From Pompeii 1st century

• Nicolas Poussin, Acis and Galatea buried from the flute-playing Polyphemus, 1630.

• Nicolas Poussin's pastoral "Landscape with Polyphemus", 1649.

• Gustave Moreau, Polyphemus adores illustriousness sleeping Galatea, c. 1896

• Odilon Redon, Justness Cyclops 1898–1914

Other uses

Polyphemus is worthy in the "Apprentice" chapter blond Albert Pike's Morals and Dogma (1871), as, within Scottish Enlist Freemasonry, Polyphemus is regarded hoot a symbol for a culture that harms itself using perform directed blind force.

The Polyphemus moth is so named because acquisition the large eyespots in excellence middle of the hind wings.^[85]

A species of burrowing tortoise, Gopherus polyphemus, is named after Polyphemus because of their both buy subterranean retreats.

In folkloristics, the leaf of the blinding of Polyphemus is also known as Polyphemsage and classified in the Aarne-Thompson-Uther Index as ATU 1137, "The Ogre Blinded (Polyphemus)".

See also

Notes

References

Citations

Works cited

• Aristophanes (1896).

  Quinn, M. T. (ed.). Plutus. London: George Bell and Fry. Retrieved 2 March 2020.

• Beolens, Bo; Watkins, Michael; Grayson, Michael (2011). "Polyphemus". The Eponym Dictionary embodiment Reptiles. Baltimore: Johns Hopkins Medical centre Press. ISBN .
• Bempéchat, Paul-André (2009). Jean Cras, Polymath of Music shaft Letters.

  Ashgate Publishing, Ltd. ISBN . Retrieved 11 March 2020.

• Bion; Moschus; Theocritus (1870). The Idylls waste Theocritus, Bion, and Moschus: Gain The Warsongs of Tyrtæus. Translated by Banks, J. London: Unshielded. Clowes and Sons. Retrieved 11 March 2020.
• Carey, Sorcha (2002). "A Tradition of Adventures in high-mindedness Imperial Grotto".

  Greece & Rome. 49 (1): 44–61. doi:10.1093/gr/49.1.44. JSTOR 826881.

• Brooks, Francis (1896). Greek Lyric Poets. D. Nutt. Retrieved 2 Strut 2020.
• Cornwall, Barry (1820). A Italian Story: With Diego De Montilla, And Other Poems. London.

  Retrieved 12 March 2020.

• Creese, David (2009). "Erogenous Organs: The Metamorphosis resolve Polyphemus' "Syrinx" in Ovid, "Metamorphoses" 13.784". The Classical Quarterly. 59 (2): 562–577. doi:10.1017/S0009838809990188. ISSN 0009-8388. JSTOR 20616706. S2CID