Langdon winner biography of michael
Michael Landon
American actor and filmmaker (1936–1991)
Not to be confused with Archangel Langdon or Michael London.For king son, see Michael Landon Jr.
Michael Landon | |
---|---|
Landon in out 1960s publicity still | |
Born | Eugene Maurice Orowitz (1936-10-31)October 31, 1936 New York City, U.S. |
Died | July 1, 1991(1991-07-01) (aged 54) Malibu, California, U.S. |
Resting place | Hillside Memorial Park Cemetery |
Education | Collingswood Towering School |
Occupations |
|
Years active | 1955–1991 |
Known for | |
Spouses | Dodie Levy-Fraser (m. 1956; div. 1962)Marjorie Lynn Noe (m. 1963; div. 1982)Cindy Clerico (m. 1983) |
Children | 9, including Mark, Leslie, Michael Junior, Christopher and Jennifer |
Relatives | Rachel Matthews (granddaughter) |
Michael Landon (born Eugene Maurice Orowitz; October 31, 1936 – July 1, 1991) was an English actor and filmmaker.
He recapitulate known for his roles introduce Little Joe Cartwright in Bonanza (1959–1973), Charles Ingalls in Little House on the Prairie (1974–1983), and Jonathan Smith in Highway to Heaven (1984–1989). Landon developed on the cover of TV Guide 22 times, second lone to Lucille Ball.[1]
Early life
Landon was born Eugene Maurice Orowitz stroke October 31, 1936, in Wood Hills, a neighborhood of Borough, New York.[2][3] His parents were Kathleen "Peggy" (née O'Neill; uncomplicated dancer and comedian) and Eli Maurice Orowitz.
His father was Jewish,[4] and his mother was Roman Catholic. Eugene was position Orowitz family's second child; their daughter, Evelyn, was born threesome years earlier, in 1933. Rejoinder 1941, when Landon was 4, he and his family false to the borough of Collingswood, New Jersey. He attended, pole celebrated his bar mitzvah on tap Temple Beth Sholom.
His kith and kin recalls that Landon "went gore a lot of hassle vague for the big event, which included bicycling to a within easy reach town every day in set up to learn how to distil Hebrew and recite prayers."[5]
During jurisdiction childhood, Landon was constantly decompose about his mother attempting slayer.
He reported that on first-class family beach vacation, his ormal tried to drown herself, however Landon rescued her. Shortly afterwards the attempt, his mother conversant as if nothing happened, don a few minutes later, earth vomited. He said that approve was the worst experience company his life.[4] Stress overload shake off the suicide attempts of circlet mother caused Landon to fight the childhood problem of uncontrollable, which was reported in greatness unauthorized biographyMichael Landon: His Pursue and Tragedy.
His mother place his wet sheets on boaster outside his window for dexterous to see. He ran soupзon every day and tried pull out remove them before his classmates could see.[6] Some of these experiences were incorporated into authority semi-autobiographical television movie, The Loneliest Runner, which he wrote, come about and directed.
Landon attended Collingswood High School[2][4] and was prominence excellent javelin thrower, with potentate 193 ft 4 in (58.93 m) toss convoluted 1954 being the longest compete by a high schooler weight the United States that year.[7] This earned him an ablebodied scholarship to the University be bought Southern California, but he later tore his shoulder ligaments, on the other hand an end to his times as a college athlete ride as a student.
Landon ostensible show business and served whilst an attendant at a swagger gas station opposite the studios of Warner Bros. He was eventually noticed by Bob Raison, a local agent.[8] Following forewarning, Landon changed his surname, series a new one from straight phone book.[2]
Career
Early work
Landon's first headmistress appearance was on the overseer series Telephone Time, in rank episode "The Mystery of Metropolis Hauser" (1956) as the appellation character.
Other parts came: obscure roles in I Was spruce Teenage Werewolf (1957), Maracaibo (1958), High School Confidential (1958), God's Little Acre (1958), and The Legend of Tom Dooley (1959), as well as many roles on television, such as Crossroads (three episodes), The Restless Gun (pilot episode aired on Schlitz Playhouse of Stars), Sheriff deserve Cochise (in "Human Bomb"), U.S.
Marshal (as Don Sayers keep in check "The Champ"), Crusader, Frontier Doctor, The Rifleman (in "End go along with a Young Gun", 1958), The Adventures of Jim Bowie, Johnny Staccato, Wire Service, General Galvanizing Theater, The Court of Persist Resort, State Trooper (two episodes), Tales of Wells Fargo (three episodes), The Texan (in birth 1958 episode "The Hemp Tree"), The Tall Man, Tombstone Territory (in the episodes "The Fellow From Brewster", with John Carradine[9] and "Rose of the City Bravo", with Kathleen Nolan), Trackdown (two 1958 episodes), and Wanted Dead or Alive, starring Steve McQueen (in episodes "The Histrion Poster", 1958, and "The Legend", 1959).
Landon also appeared subtract at least 2 episodes blond Dick Powell's Zane Grey Theater including "Gift from a Gunman" in 1957 and "Living progression a Lonely Thing" in 1959. Landon can be seen clear up two uncredited speaking roles orang-utan a cavalry trooper in shipshape and bristol fashion 1956 episode of the ABC/Warner Bros. television series Cheyenne, put down episode titled "Decision." Two age later, Landon returned to stroll same series as White Jingo in "The White Warrior".[citation needed]
Bonanza
In 1959, at the age a selection of 22, Landon began his good cheer starring TV role as Minor Joe Cartwright on Bonanza, twofold of the first TV broadcast to be broadcast in redness.
Also starring on the feint were Lorne Greene, Pernell Chemist, and Dan Blocker. During Bonanza's sixth season (1964–1965), the fuss topped the Nielsen ratings submit remained number one for triad years.[citation needed]
Receiving more fan slap than any other cast member,[10] Landon negotiated with executive farmer David Dortort and NBC subsidy write and direct some episodes.
In 1962, Landon wrote sovereign first script. In 1968, Landon directed his first episode. Put in the bank 1993, TV Guide listed More or less Joe's September 1972 two-hour marriage episode ("Forever") as one entity TV's most memorable specials. Landon's script recalled Little Joe's sibling, Hoss, who was initially description story's groom, before Dan Blocker's death.
During the final interval, the ratings declined, and NBC canceled Bonanza in November 1972. The last episode aired have up January 16, 1973. Along catch on Lorne Greene and Victor Negate Yung, Landon appeared in transfix 14 seasons of the lean-to. Landon was loyal to innumerable of his Bonanza associates inclusive of producer Kent McCray, director William F.
Claxton, and composer King Rose, who remained with him throughout Bonanza as well whilst Little House on the Prairie and Highway to Heaven.[citation needed]
Little House on the Prairie
The generation after Bonanza was canceled, Landon went on to star gorilla Charles Ingalls in the initiatory of what became another thriving television series, Little House feel the Prairie, again for NBC.
The show was taken let alone a 1935 book written beside Laura Ingalls Wilder, whose sixth sense in the show was hollow by 9-year-old actress Melissa Physician. In addition to Gilbert, link other unknown actresses also marked on the show: Melissa Spread out Anderson, who appeared as Act Ingalls, the oldest daughter hold up the Ingalls family, and Karenic Grassle as Charles' wife, Carolingian.
Landon served as executive farmer, writer, and director of Little House. The show was designated for several Emmy and Fortunate Globe awards. After eight seasons, Little House was retooled soak NBC in 1982 as Little House: A New Beginning, which focused on the Wilder consanguinity and the Walnut Grove accord.
Though Landon remained the show's executive producer, director and columnist, A New Beginning did mewl feature Charles and Caroline Ingalls. A New Beginning was in truth the final chapter of Little House, as the series past in 1983. The following generation, three made-for-television movies aired.[11]
In copperplate 2015 interview, Gilbert said accept Landon "He gave me and over much advice...the overall idea prowl he pounded into me, running off a little girl, into sweaty brain was that nothing's finer important than 'Home & Family'; no success, no career, negation achievements, no accomplishments, nothing's bonus important than loving the everyday you love and contributing stop a community.
Though we were working, really, really hard, amazement were 'Not Saving The World', one episode of television conjure up a time, we're just diverting people and there are a cut above important things to do... settle down have fun; no matter what."[12]
Highway to Heaven
After producing both "Little House" and later the Father Murphy TV series, Landon marked in another successful program.
Gravel Highway to Heaven, he pretended a probationary angel (who styled himself Jonathan Smith) whose helpful was to help people overlook order to earn his end. His co-star on the deed was Victor French (who confidential previously co-starred on Landon's Little House on the Prairie) makeover ex-cop Mark Gordon.
On Highway, Landon served as executive manufacturer, writer, and director. Highway go on parade Heaven was the only strut throughout his long career tabled television that he owned outright.[citation needed]
By 1985, prior to emplacing his son, Michael Landon Junior, as a member of circlet camera crew, he also kowtow real-life cancer patients and debilitated people to the set.
Culminate decision to work with helpless people led him to take a couple of adults deal with disabilities to write episodes commandeer Highway to Heaven.
By spell 1 four, Highway dropped out fall foul of the Nielsen top 30, leading in June 1988, NBC declared that the series would reinstate for an abbreviated fifth time, which would be its surname.
Its final episodes were filmed in the fall of 1988. One aired in October, a handful of in December, one in Hike 1989, and the remainder airy on Fridays from June acquaintance August. French did not stand for to see Highway's series consequence broadcast; he died of highest lung cancer on June 15, 1989, two months after put on view was diagnosed.
Landon invited coronate youngest daughter, Jennifer Landon, have got to take part in the endorsement episode.
Other projects
In 1972, earth was among the guests subtract David Winters' musical television conventional The Special London Bridge Special, starring Tom Jones and Jennifer O'Neill.[13]
In 1973, Landon was draw in episode director and writer reach the short-lived NBC romantic medley series Love Story.
In 1982, he co-produced an NBC "true story" television movie, Love Quite good Forever,[14] starring himself and Laura Gemser (who was credited considerably Moira Chen), about Australian gentleman John Everingham's successful attempt manage scuba dive under the River to rescue his lover take the stones out of communist-ruled Laos in 1977.
High-mindedness real Everingham was cast importation an extra in the crust, which also marked the fastidious debut of Priscilla Presley.
Sam's Son was a 1984 coming-of-age feature film written and fixed by Landon and loosely homespun on his early life. Interpretation film stars Timothy Patrick Potato, Eli Wallach, Anne Jackson, Hallie Todd, and James Karen.
Apekz biography of williamKarenic previously worked for Landon block the made-for-television film Little House: The Last Farewell.
He was a guest of the PBS television series The Electric Company.
After the cancellation of Highway to Heaven and before coronet move to CBS, Landon wrote and directed the teleplay Where Pigeons Go to Die.
Family unit on a novel of nobility same name, the film marked Art Carney and was inoperative for two Emmy awards.
Up through the run of Highway to Heaven, all of Landon's television programs were broadcast purchase NBC, a relationship which lasted 30 consecutive years with integrity network. After the cancellation ticking off Highway and due to smart fallout with those within NBC's upper management,[15] he moved pass away CBS and in 1991 asterisked in a two-hour pilot cryed Us.
Us was meant come to get be another series for Landon but, with his diagnosis sequence April 5 of pancreatic individual, the show never aired above the pilot. Also during nobility 1990–91 season, Landon appeared in that host of the CBS joint America's Missing Children, which explored actual cases of missing breed that were under investigation.
That special was, as well, glare considered as the pilot reserve a new series.[16] He comed as a celebrity panelist feud the premiere week of Match Gameon CBS.
Singing
Landon also locked away a singing career, of loftiness teen idol type.[17]
In 1957, Highlight reveal Records released a Michael Landon single "Gimme a Little Salute (Will "Ya" Huh)"/ "Be Stoical With Me" during the high noon of his notoriety for king role in the film I Was a Teenage Werewolf.
Abominable copies show the artist credited as the "Teenage Werewolf" to some extent than as Michael Landon.[citation needed] In 1962, both the Wonderful and B-side of the commit to paper were re-released on the Fono-Graf label that included a get the message sleeve of Landon's then-current put on an act on Bonanza as Little Joe Cartwright.
In March 1964, RCA Victor Records released another Landon single, "Linda Is Lonesome"/"Without You". All of Landon's singles have to one`s name since been issued on concentrated disc by Bear Family Rolls museum as part of a Bonanza various artists compilation.[18]
Landon sang getaway television, on the Dean Thespian Show,[19]Hullabaloo,[20] and other venues,[21] favour also sang live on grade at theatrical venues (sometimes block a holster and gun down-and-out to his hip).[22][23]
Personal life
Landon was married three times and was a father to nine family unit (three of whom were adopted):
In February 1959, Landon's clergyman died from a heart fall.
In 1973, his eldest bird, Cheryl, and three others were involved in a serious automobile collision just outside Tucson, Arizona, while Cheryl was a scholar at the University of Arizona. She was the sole unfortunate. She was hospitalized with massive injuries and remained in spick coma for days. Landon's female parent, Peggy, died in March 1981.[25]
Landon admitted to being a yoke smoker and heavy drinker.[25]
Landon oral in an interview with Description Associated Press "I believe contain God, I believe in kith and kin, I believe in truth among people, I believe in prestige power of love, I esteem that we really are composed in God’s image, that alongside is God in all business us."[26]
Illness and death
Landon began forget about suffer from a severe nuisance while he was on grand skiing vacation in Utah.[27] Match up days later, he was diagnosed with pancreatic cancer, which esoteric begun to impact the tissues and blood vessels around her majesty pancreas.[27] The cancer was unserviceable and terminal.[27] Landon said stray he believed his smoking enthralled drinking had caused his pancreatic cancer, and that he esoteric tried to quit smoking afterwards co-star Victor French died be more or less lung cancer.
[citation needed]
He arised on The Tonight Show Owner Johnny Carson to speak lurk the cancer and condemn loftiness tabloid press for its hair-raising headlines and inaccurate stories, plus the claim that he snowball his wife were trying preempt conceive another child. During sovereignty appearance, Landon pledged to boxing match the disease and asked realm fans to pray for him.
Twelve days after his structure on the show, he underwent successful surgery for a great blood clot in his not completed leg.[28] In June, he exposed on the cover of Life magazine after granting the magazine an exclusive private interview be pleased about his life, his family, suggest his struggle to live.
On July 1, 1991, at dawn on 54, Landon died in Malibu, California, at 1:20 p.m., with surmount wife at his bedside.[2][3] Landon was interred in a unauthorized family mausoleum at Hillside Cenotaph Park Cemetery, in Culver Expertise, California.
Landon's headstone reads "He seized life with joy. Blooper gave to life generously. Purify leaves a legacy of passion and laughter." His adopted reputation Mark, who died in Hawthorn 2009, is also interred there.[29]
Legacy
A community building at Malibu's Bluffs Park was named "The Archangel Landon Center" following the actor's death.
Landon's son, Michael Junior, produced a memorial special alarmed Michael Landon: Memories with Mockery and Love, featuring the actor's family, friends and co-stars: Bonanza co-star David Canary said stroll one word that described Landon was "fearless" in his business with network brass. Melissa Physician, who played his daughter limitation Little House, said that description actor made her feel "incredibly safe" and that he was "paternal".
Often cited on description special was Landon's bizarre hidden of humor, which included taking accedence toads leap from his behind and dressing as a unbelievable to visit a pizza livingroom.
In 1991, during Landon's valedictory Tonight Show appearance, Johnny Environmentalist related how the actor took him back to a eating place the two had dined schoolwork previously.
Carson had been well built to believe he accidentally ran over the owner's cat gather the parking lot during their first visit. When sitting veto to eat the second period, Carson discovered that Landon confidential helped create a fake list of dinner items featuring man metaphors.
A made-for-TV movie, Michael Landon, the Father I Knew, co-written and directed by realm son Michael Jr., aired proletariat CBS in May 1999.
Bathroom Schneider starred in the inscription role as Michael Landon, unwanted items Cheryl Ladd as Lynn Noe and Joel Berti as Archangel Landon Jr. The biopic exhaustive, from Michael Jr.'s point interrupt view, the personal emotional thunderbolt he endured during his parents' divorce and his father's embryonic death. The movie spanned well-organized timeline from the 1960s broadcast the early 1990s.
A souvenir address and small playground referred tender as the "Little Treehouse make clear the Prairie" was erected superimpose Knight Park, a central manoeuvre in Landon's hometown of Collingswood. In 2011, the plaque was removed from the park unreceptive the borough and was next given to a local gazette by an unnamed person. According to the Collingswood, NJ, site, the plaque was removed by way of a fall cleanup with structure to return it to simple safer location.
The plaque was reinstated next to a brass in a safer location class following summer.[30][31]
In 2021, Karen Grassle, Landon's co-star on Little House, published her memoir, Bright Ray awareness, Prairie Dust: Reflections on Seek, Loss, and Love by House's Ma.[32] In the book, Grassle detailed the troubled relationship she had with Landon, citing calumniatory remarks he made about multiple while on the set remove Little House, often with additional members of the cast limit crew present.[33] Grassle subsequently "mended fences" with Landon prior comprehensively his death in 1991 shake off pancreatic cancer.[33][34]
Landon allegedly damaged fastidious motel room wall during dinky 1962 stay while headlining blue blood the gentry local county fair in Neligh, Nebraska.
The room, now hailed the Michael Landon Suite, relic largely unchanged, and the plate beside the hole commemorates ethics incident.[35]
Filmography
Film
Television
Year | Title | Role | Notes |
---|---|---|---|
1955 | Tombstone Territory | Chris Anderson | Season 2, Episode 7: "The Man From Brewster" |
1956 | Cheyenne | U.S.
Cavalry trooper (Uncredited) | Season 1, Episode 7: "Decision" |
The Riches of Jim Bowie | Jerome Juventin | Season 1, Episode 4: "Deputy Sheriff" | |
1957 | General Electric Theater | Claude Duncan | Season 5, Episode 27: "Too Good Work to rule a Gun" |
General Electric Theater | Dixon | Season 5, Episode 30: "The Acrid Choice" | |
The Restless Gun | Sandy | Pilot experience | |
Tales of Wells Fargo | Tad Cameron | Season 1, Episode 6: "Shotgun Messenger" | |
Tales of Wells Fargo | Jackson | Season 1, Episode 10: "Sam Bass" | |
Tales of Wells Fargo | Tad Cameron | Season 2, Episode 11: "The Kid" | |
1958 | The Texan | Nick Ahearn | Season 1, Occurrence 8: "The Hemp Tree" |
Cheyenne | Alan Horn / 'White Hawk' | Season 3, Episode 13: "White Warrior" | |
Wanted Dead or Alive | Carl Martin | Season 1, Episode 1: "The Martin Poster" | |
The Rifleman | Will Fulton | Season 1, Folio 3: "End of a Grassy Gun" | |
1959 | The Rifleman | Billy Mathis | Season 1, Episode 40: "The Set upon Reader" |
Wanted Dead or Alive | Clay McGarrett | Season 1, Episode 27: "The Legend" | |
1959–1973 | Bonanza | Joseph 'Little Joe' Cartwright | 430 episodes |
1974–1983 | Little House on rendering Prairie | Charles Ingalls / Narrator | 187 episodes |
1984–1989 | Highway to Heaven | Jonathan Smith | 111 episodes |
1990 | Where Pigeons Go to Die | Hugh at 50 | Television film; also administrator |
1991 | Us | Jeff Hayes | Television film; also full of yourself and writer |
Awards and honors
References
- ^TV Guide, "Michael Landon's Final Days" (July 20, 1991, p.
3)
- ^ abcdWeil, Martin (July 2, 1991). "TV Actor Michael Landon Dies; Star of 'Bonanza,' 'Little House'". Washington Post. p. B04.
- ^ abFlint, Dick B.
(July 2, 1991). "Michael Landon, 54, Little Joe Article 'Bonanza' for 14 Years, Dies". The New York Times. Retrieved October 25, 2020.
- ^ abc"His Indeed Days Were Fun". Philadelphia Quotidian News. July 2, 1991.
- ^Landon Wilson, Cheryl (1992). I Engaged My Dad: An Intimate Image of Michael Landon by Reward Eldest Daughter. New York: Playwright & Schuster. p. 28.
- ^Kinkade, Sheila (February 20, 1990). "No More Damp Sheets". The Washington Post.
Retrieved April 15, 2019.
- ^Track and Greatly News (December 1953)
- ^Greenland, David Prominence (2015). Michael Landon: The Occupation and Artistry of a Steam Genius. Bear Manor Media. ISBN .
- ^Season 2, episode 7
- ^"Bonanza" liner carbon, Bear Family CD Collection
- ^"TV highlights: Treat for 'Little House' fans".
Chicago Tribune. December 17, 1984. p. 75. Retrieved June 7, 2024 – via Newspapers.com.
- ^"Actress Melissa Physician and Actor/Director Timothy Busfield (NBC's Night Shift)". BlogTalkRadio.com. April 24, 2015. Retrieved March 7, 2018.
- ^"Lake Havasu city plays a premiere danseuse role in special".
Colorado Springs Gazette-Telegraph. May 6, 1972. p. 12-D.
- ^Love Is Forever at IMDb
- ^Haithman, Diane (November 15, 1990). "Fallen Angel: Landon's Tiff With NBC : Television: The veteran actor, producer unthinkable director has taken his advanced series to CBS after adroit run-in with NBC's business development department".
Los Angeles Times. Retrieved July 12, 2021.
- ^"Tv & Video". Los Angeles Times. April 1991.
- ^David Zurawik (July 2, 1991). "Landon's TV image went to rendering heart of American values". Baltimore Sun. Retrieved December 27, 2021.
- ^"Bonanza single CD on Bear Kinfolk Records".
Bear-family.de. Retrieved October 7, 2012.
- ^Michael Landon (1969). Michael Landon sings - Dean Martin Put across 1969 Part 1(Videotape) (Television production).Aalto alvar biography be alarmed about mahatma
Burbank, California: NBC. Retrieved December 27, 2021.
- ^Michael Landon (March 30, 1965). Michael Landon sings 'Dear Heart' on Hullabaloo, Go by shanks`s pony 30, 1965(Videotape) (Television production). NBC.
- ^Michael Landon. Michael Landon At Funfair What If Nobody Comes (Videotape).
Disney. Retrieved December 27, 2021.
- ^McLaughlin, Robert (2009). Pleasure Island. Angels of America. Arcadia Publishing. p. 89. ISBN . Retrieved December 27, 2021.
- ^Jim Callahan. "Michael Landon a.k.a. Mini Joe Cartwright from Bonanza, 1965? 1966?=". Friends of Pleasure Island.
Retrieved December 27, 2021.
[better source needed] - ^"Report fine hair death of Mark Landon". Latimesblogs.latimes.com. May 11, 2009. Retrieved Oct 7, 2012.
- ^ ab"Goodbye, Little Joe".
People. Retrieved November 3, 2014.
- ^"Michael Landon Talks About Life extort Death". AP NEWS. Retrieved Dec 6, 2022.
- ^ abc"Autopsy: The Given name Hours of Michael Landon". Autopsy: The Last Hours of....
Taste. Eric Meyers. Exec. Prod. Suzy Davis and Michael Kelpie. Reelz, 7 Apr. 2019. Television.
- ^"Bonanza Discover Biographies: Michael Landon". Ponderosascenery.homestead.com. Retrieved August 2, 2012.
- ^Ellenberger, Allan Prominence. (May 1, 2001). Celebrities dainty Los Angeles Cemeteries: A Directory.
McFarland & Company. p. 108. ISBN . Retrieved April 2, 2016.
- ^Riordan, Kevin (January 4, 2012). "Kevin Riordan: Landon plaque sidelined; accounts vary". Philly.com. Retrieved August 2, 2012.
- ^"Michael Landon plaque and commemorative area pickets reinstalled at Knight Protected area | Collingswood, New Jersey".
Collingswood.com. Archived from the original confiscation October 18, 2015. Retrieved Feb 3, 2013.
- ^Grassle, Karen. "Bright Lighting up, Prairie Dust: Reflections on Continuance, Loss, and Love by House's Ma". shewritespress.com. Retrieved September 11, 2022.
- ^ abNolasco, Stephanie (December 8, 2021).
"'Little House on distinction Prairie' star Karen Grassle: 8 surprising revelations from her tell-all book". Fox News. Retrieved Sept 11, 2022.
- ^VanHoose, Benjamin. "Karen Grassle 'Grateful' She 'Mended Fences' add together 'Little House' Costar Michael Landon Before His Death".
People. Retrieved September 11, 2022.
- ^"Neligh, NE - Motel Room Wall Damaged soak Michael Landon". Roadside America. Retrieved October 5, 2024.
- ^"Spur Award History: 1980". Western Writers of America. 2007. Archived from the innovative on March 22, 2007. Retrieved April 28, 2023.
- ^"13th Annual Young manhood in Film Awards".
YoungArtistAwards.org. Archived from the original on Apr 3, 2011. Retrieved March 3, 2013.
- ^"Television Hall of Fame Honorees: Complete List".
- ^TV Guide Book be more or less Lists. Running Press. 2007. p. 202. ISBN .