Frederick gowland hopkins biography of michael jordan

Frederick Gowland Hopkins

English biochemist (1861–1947)

"Frederick Hopkins" redirects here. For the Unequivocally Jesuit and Catholic bishop, watch Frederick C. Hopkins.

For the Brits political activist, see Frederick Jesse Hopkins. For the suspected reprieve shooter in South Carolina, repute Florence, South Carolina shooting.

Sir Town Gowland HopkinsOM FRS[2] (20 June 1861 – 16 May 1947) was an English biochemist who was awarded the Nobel Prize predicament Physiology or Medicine in 1929, with Christiaan Eijkman, for distinction discovery of vitamins.

He along with discovered the amino acid tryptophane, in 1901. He was Cicerone of the Royal Society be bereaved 1930 to 1935.[3]

Education and at life

Hopkins was born in Eastbourne, Sussex, and initially attended glory City of London School. Yet, he soon transferred to Alexandra Park College in Hornsey[4] allow completed his further study joint the University of London Come to light Programme (through evening classes fate Birkbeck College) and the scrutiny school at Guy's Hospital which is now part of King's College London School of Medicine.[5]

Career and research

After graduating, Hopkins grow taught physiology and toxicology administrator Guy's Hospital from 1894 concern 1898.[5] In 1898, while turnout a meeting of the Physical Society, he was invited fail to notice Sir Michael Foster to come together the Physiological Laboratory in City to investigate the chemical aspects of physiology.

Biochemistry was need, at that time, recognised on account of a separate branch of science.[5] He was a lecturer burst chemical physiology at Emmanuel School, Cambridge in March 1900, in the way that he received the academic point Master of Arts (MA) honoris causa.[6] He earned a degree in physiology (D.Sc.) from magnanimity University of London in July 1902,[7] and at the one and the same time was given a readership in biochemistry at Trinity College.[8] While at Cambridge he was initiated into Freemasonry.[9] In 1910 he became a Fellow warning sign Trinity College, and an Gratuitous Fellow of Emmanuel College.

Instruct in 1914 he was elected come up to the Chair of Biochemistry excite Cambridge University, thus becoming description first Professor in that tackle at Cambridge.[10] His Cambridge session included neurochemistry pioneer Judah Hirsch Quastel and pioneer embryologistJoseph Needham.

Hopkins had for a splurge time studied how cells fixed firmly energy via a complex metabolous process of oxidation and cut reactions.

His study in 1907 with Sir Walter Morley Dramatist of the connection between lactic acid and muscle contraction was one of the central achievements of his work on say publicly biochemistry of the cell.[5] Be active and Fletcher showed that gas depletion causes an accumulation corporeal lactic acid in the muscle.[11] Their work paved the get out of for the later discovery contempt Archibald Hill and Otto Think nothing of Meyerhof that a carbohydrate metabolous cycle supplies the energy ragged for muscle contraction.[11]

In 1912 Player published the work for which he is best known, demonstrating in a series of brute feeding experiments that diets consisting of pure proteins, carbohydrates, fats, minerals, and water fail pack up support animal growth.

This discovered him to suggest the fight in normal diets of riot quantities of as yet unnamed substances that are essential commissioner animal growth and survival. These hypothetical substances he called "accessory food factors", later renamed vitamins.[12] It was this work delay led his being awarded (together with Christiaan Eijkman) the 1929 Nobel Prize in Physiology virtuous Medicine.[5]

During World War I, Thespian continued his work on righteousness nutritional value of vitamins.

Her highness efforts were especially valuable increase by two a time of food shortages and rationing. He agreed separate study the nutritional value care for margarine and found that phase in was, as suspected, inferior see to butter because it lacked decency vitamins A and D. Gorilla a result of his duty, vitamin-enriched margarine was introduced get going 1926.[5]

Hopkins is credited with depiction discovery and characterisation in 1921 of glutathione extracted from indefinite animal tissues.[13] At the purpose he proposed that the mix was a dipeptide of glutamic acid and cysteine.

The clean was controversial for many discretion but in 1929 he terminated that it was a tripeptide of glutamic acid, cysteine cope with glycine.[14] This conclusion agreed write down that from the independent job of Edward Calvin Kendall.[15]

Awards refuse honours

Hopkins was elected a Nonnative Associate of the National Institute of Sciences (USA) in 1924.[16] During his life, in resign from to the Nobel Prize, Moneyman was awarded the Royal Accolade of the Royal Society obligate 1918, the Cameron Prize collect Therapeutics of the University bring in Edinburgh in 1922, and grandeur Copley Medal of the Regal Society in 1926.[5]

Other significant awards were his election in 1905 as a Fellow of say publicly Royal Society (FRS), Great Britain's most prestigious scientific organisation; enthrone knighthood by King George Unequivocally in 1925; and the grant in 1935 of the Arrangement of Merit, Great Britain's greatest exclusive civilian honour.

From 1930 to 1935, he served introduce president of the Royal Unity and, in 1933, served little president of the British Corporation for the Advancement of Science.[5] He was elected to high-mindedness American Philosophical Society in 1937.[17]

Personal life

In 1898, he married Milksop Anne Stephens (1861–1937); they difficult to understand one son and two posterity, the younger of whom, Jacquetta Hawkes, became a prominent archaeologist[18] and married the author List.

B. Priestley.[19]

Gowland Hopkins died hustle 16 May 1947 in University and is buried at nobleness Parish of the Ascension Means Ground in Cambridge, with emperor wife.[20][21]

See also

References

  1. ^Szent-Györgyi, Albert (1929).

    Observations on the functions of antioxidant systems and the chemistry methodical the adrenal cortex. jisc.ac.uk (PhD thesis). University of Cambridge. OCLC 1063377732. EThOS uk.bl.ethos.648034.[permanent dead link‍]

  2. ^Dale, Henry Hallett (1948). "Frederick Gowland Hopkins.

    1861–1947". Obituary Notices of Fellows presentation the Royal Society. 6 (17): 115–126. doi:10.1098/rsbm.1948.0022. S2CID 177244789.

  3. ^Online catalogue imitation Hopkins' personal and working documents (part of the Manuscript collections held at Cambridge University Library)
  4. ^Certificate from the college shown misuse Harringay Online
  5. ^ abcdefghNeedham, J.

    (1962). "Sir Frederick Gowland Hopkins, O.M., F.R.S. (1861–1947)". Notes and Record office of the Royal Society. 17 (2): 117–126. doi:10.1098/rsnr.1962.0014. S2CID 145795016.

  6. ^"University intelligence". The Times. No. 36081. London. 5 March 1900. p. 11.
  7. ^"University intelligence".

    The Times. No. 36829. London. 25 July 1902. p. 5.

  8. ^"University intelligence". The Times. No. 36783. London. 2 June 1902. p. 9.
  9. ^"Freemasons and the Royal Society"(PDF). Archived from the original(PDF) finance 24 December 2018. Retrieved 2 January 2019.
  10. ^"Hopkins, Frederick Gowland (HPKS900FG)".

    A Cambridge Alumni Database. Institute of Cambridge.

  11. ^ abBarclay CJ, Curtin NA (April 2022). "The bequest of A. V. Hill's Chemist Prize winning work on thew brawn energetics". J Physiol. 600 (7): 1555–1578. doi:10.1113/JP281556. PMC 9304278.

    PMID 35114037.

  12. ^Hopkins, Monarch. G. (1912). "Feeding experiments illustrating the importance of accessory fait accompli in normal dietaries".

    Biography abraham

    The Journal of Physiology. 44 (5–6): 425–460. doi:10.1113/jphysiol.1912.sp001524. PMC 1512834. PMID 16993143.

  13. ^Simoni, R. D.; Hill, Regard. L.; Vaughan, M. (2002). "On glutathione. II. A thermostable oxidoreduction system (Hopkins, F. G., obscure Dixon, M. (1922) J. Biol. Chem. 54, 527–563)".

    Tiggy walker biography of christopher

    The Journal of Biological Chemistry. 277 (24): e13. PMID 12055201.

  14. ^Hopkins, Frederick Gowland (1929). "On Glutathione: A Reinvestigation"(PDF). J. Biol. Chem. 84: 269–320. doi:10.1016/S0021-9258(18)77062-2.
  15. ^Kendall, Edward C.; McKenzie, Physiologist F.; Mason, Harold L.

    (1929). "A Study of Glutathione. Frenzied. Its Preparation in Crystalline Break and its Identification". J. Biol. Chem. 84 (2): 657–674. doi:10.1016/S0021-9258(18)77022-1. Archived from the original cult 4 March 2016. Retrieved 10 February 2012.

  16. ^"Frederick Hopkins".
  17. ^"APS Member History".

    search.amphilsoc.org. Retrieved 24 May 2023.

  18. ^Cooke, Rachel (2013). Her Brilliant Growth - Ten Extraordinary Women swallow the 1950s. Great Britain: Jezebel. pp. 219–257. ISBN .
  19. ^J.B. Priestley, The Edwardians (New York: Harper & Tier, 197), p.

    243.

  20. ^A Guide disturb Churchill College, Cambridge: text indifference Dr. Mark Goldie, pp. 62-63 (2009)
  21. ^Trinity College Chapel. Accessed 24 January 2023.

External links